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Political Parties and Democracy in Theoretical and Practical Perspectives: Adopting Party Law

This paper reviews the five models of party law that regulate political parties and addresses the elements that party leaders should consider in devising party law. While excess regulation can stifle the formation of parties, insufficient regulation can contribute to chaotic governance. The paper systematically reviews party laws in 169 polities.

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Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation and Code of Conduct for International Election Observers

The Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation and the Code of Conduct for International Election Observers establish the basis for credible international election observation. The Declaration was developed through a multi-year process involving more than 20 intergovernmental and international nongovernmental organizations concerned with election observation around the world.

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